1st Stage-Initiation:
There
can be varied reasons for a business start-up but the main values in
running the business are of those who are the founders. We can see that
company exhibits the main skills of the founder in its spirits, for
example, if the founder is an engineer, he will emphasize in production
rather than sales and marketing which should not be neglected. Main
efforts are centered on the acceptability of the product in the market.
If the owner can provide the demands of business i.e. time, energy, and
finances, he/she can move to the second stage. Otherwise, he/she will
have to wind up their business as there is limited time for the company
to stay at one stage. Here the main focus changes to establish the
company and earn profits. With this financial push company will need to
formalize the system and start record keeping, an unskilled manager
can’t handle this all. After this, there will be demand for change in
administration’s style because of increased activity in his business.
2nd Stage-Growth:
The
moment a company moves forward to the expansion stage it should be able
to earn a decent profit, but that profit will not go to the owner. This
is because it will be invested in the business in order to assist in
the capital demands of the company. It demands time for coordinating
functional managerial activities; it demands complicated organizational
structure mainly focusing on functional lines. Now research and
development will be established in order to increase product range. At
the start, it will be on a smaller scale because of lack of capital. If
management continues changing its environment, the company can stay at
this stage for some time. In many cases, owners sell their business at
this stage for substantial benefits. The increase of new markets and
product will demand more finances. This stage faces larger competitors
who deal the situation by putting stress on emerging firm; this stress
can be in the form of very low prices as well. At this stage over
trading is the biggest threat if not handled properly it can lead the
business to demise. As the company grows it need to extend geographical
trading and distribution, so ‘supervised supervision’ will be required
at this stage. If new competitors enter the market and the owner wants
to maintain his shares, he will have to put more capital by himself or
attract some partners.
3rd Stage-Expansion:
This
stage demands proper management reports, budget control, and dispersed
authority, along with a formal accounting system. Basic adaptation at
this stage will be to systemize administrative roles which are keys to
survival through this stage. The expansion stage demands stable long
term funds which will be important and if there is not plan for partners
then this stage must be considered right now. Although retained
earnings are major forms of funds but dividends are the special
attraction to the investors; at this stage these are inevitable. Now
company’s track record will help in gaining long term loans but the
company will have to give security in the form of assets.
4th Stage-Maturity:
At
this stage main issues are about expense control, search for growth
opportunities and productivity. The direction of authority can be
towards functional lines or it is reorganized with production lines. As
there is severe price competition, therefore, productions department
should be the center of focus and authorities should emphasize on
innovative moves towards betterment.
Now basic investments are in
sales and marketing struggles and maintenance and plant up gradation.
The company grows up to a level that income is sufficient to tackle this
but occasionally more long term load prove to be a support. At this
level firm may limit its operations or move on, normally acquisition or
floatation in order to become a large corporation.
Whatever the
situation, managers are pressured by shareholders to safeguard the
future of the firm. However, the time of great trial falls to the
founder. He built his business with great effort and sacrifices, and now
he is asked to give it away.